Russian Wwii
What were the characteristics of British, American, German, and Russian army doctrines in WWII?
Please be as descriptive as possible.
British Army doctrine, particularly in Northern Europe from June 1944-on was one of minimizing casualties to the maximum extent possible. There were practical reasons to persue such a policy - Britain was quite literally out of manpower. British battles were invariably set-piece affairs preceeded by a massive buildup of supplies, executed over a very narrow front and initiated with massive artillery barrages and air attacks in the enemy rear to inflict the maximum possible damage on the enemy. Objectives were usually limited and the duration of such attacks kept as short as possible to minimize the chance of anything going off-plan. If success could not be absolutely assured attacks were often postponed or cancelled.
American army doctrine emphasized speed and manuever and frequently involved riskier operations with less support, far fewer reserves and much higher casualties (somethin the American's unlike the British could afford) practiced over a much broader front.
The Russian army suffered from appallingly inadequate tactical communications throughout the war and could not carry out sophisticated operations on a large scale. The artillery for example could not respond to calls for fire on targets of opportunity that suddenly appered on the battlefield, something the American's took for granted. What you ended up with on the Eastern front were often enormous, carefully pre-planned and totally programmed set-piece battles characterized (like the British) by the massive use of artillery and massed infantry. Where the Russian approach differs is in the complete lack of regard for casualties which were often appallingly high.
The German's stole the idea for "Blitzkrieg" from the British who were writing about such tactics in the 1920's and French cavalry officer Col. Charles de Gaulle who was writing about these types of tactics in the 1930's. The German's usually get the credit because they came up with the cool name. Blitzkrieg (combined deep penetrations into the enemy rear by coordinated infantry, armor, artillery and air power) worked great on a small to medium scale such as in France or Poland but were completely out of place is the vastness of the Soviet Union where there was simply too much room to manuever and not enough manpower to cover it. From 1943 Germany fought a largely defensive war with totally inadequate manpower and ever decreasing amounts of material so that most units were badly understrength most of the time and possessed just a fraction of the fighting power they were being called on to use.
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